INTRODUCTION: Cydonia oblonga Miller (Quince) appears to have ANTI-inflammatory effect.To evaluate its ANTI-inflammatory properties; we studied the results of intra-peritoneal injections of different doses of Quince aqueous extract on formalin-induced rat paw EDEMA.MATERIALS AND METHODS: 4 groups of 49 rats received Quince extract (100, 300, 700, 1000mg/kg) and 3 other groups received sodium salicylate (300mg/kg) as positive and normal saline and distilled water as negative controls.The rats paw volumes were measured by a mercury plethysmometer in first day before and after formalin injection, and during the next 9 days.Evaluation of ANTI-inflammatory effects was based on the difference between paws EDEMA on each day and the first day. Differences were analyzed with ANOVA.RESULTS: EDEMA reduction in each day compared with the other days was significant, (p<0.001). The Quince aqueous groups started to show significant EDEMA reduction from the third day compared to the control groups, (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in EDEMA reduction between normal saline and sodium salicylate group (p<0.05), but in normal saline group it was significantly higher than distilled water group (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the Quince aqueous extracts possess significant ANTI-inflammatory effects on chronic phase of formalin-induced rat paw EDEMA which were comparable with the established ANTI-inflammatory drug, sodium salicylate (p<0.05). The normal saline began to show ANTI-inflammatory effects since the 6th day which was comparable with distilled water group, so normal saline has ANTI inflammatory effects which could limit its role as a negative control in ANTI-inflammatory studies.

INTRODUCTION: RECENTLY ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS HAVE BEEN DEMONSTRATED. VENLAFAXINE BELONGS TO NEWER ANTIDEPRESSANTS WITH SEROTONIN NOREPINEPHRINE REUPTAKE INHIBITION PROPERTY. THE PAIN ALLEVIATING PROPERTIES OF VENLAFAXINE IN DIFFERENT PAIN MODELS SUCH AS…

Inflammation is a common nonspecific manifestation of many diseases. The common chemical ANTI-inflammatory drugs have numerous side effects, in comparison with their herbal drug counterparts. The study of plants that have been traditionally used as ANTI-inflammatory should still be seen as a fruitful and logical research strategy, in the search for new ANTI-inflammatory drugs. Plantago major, from the family Plantaginaceae, is extensively cultivated in most regions of the world. It is known to have several pharmacological effects, such as ANTI-inflammatory and analgesic effects. In this study, we examine the ANTI-inflammatory effect of Plantago major seeds. For evaluation of this effect, the paw inflammation model was used through subcutaneous injection of 2.5% formalin to the paw of male rats, and inflammation was assessed by pletismometer on the first day (acute inflammation) and during 7 day after (chronic inflammation) formalin injection. Plantago extract in various doses (100, 300, 1000 mg/kg) were compared with Sodium Salicylate (300 mg/kg) and Distilled Water, in intra-peritoneal injections. Plantago seeds extract of 1000 mg/kg (p<0.003) and Sodium Salicylate of 300 mg/kg (p<0.003), both had significant acute ANTI-inflammatory effects without any significant difference between them. Plantago seeds extract of 1000 mg/kg had significant chronic ANTI-inflammatory effect (p<0.05) on 4th, 7th and 8th days but this effect was only significantly seen on 4th day for Sodium Salicylate and other extracts had no significant chronic effect. Based on our results, Plantago major seeds, have dose-dependent acute and chronic ANTI-inflammatory effects.

Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, such as Simvastatin, lower circulating cholesterol levels and prevent myocardial infarction. Several studies have shown an unexpected effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on inflammation. Here, we confirm that Simvastatin is ANTI-inflammatory by using a classic model of inflammation: Carrageenan-induced foot pad EDEMA. Simvastatin administered with 1mg/kg, 5mg/kg, 10mg/kg doses orally to rats 20, 12, 6, 1 hour before carrageenan injection significantly reduced the extent of EDEMA. Changes in foot pad volume instantly after injection up to 4th hour periodically measured. Simvastatin did not alter plasma lipids. Simvastatin with 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg has shown its ANTI-inflammatory effects in 2nd and 4th hours (P<0.001). In addition, Simvastatin with 1mg/kg, decrease foot pad volume in 4th hour. Every 3 used doses decrease foot pad volume in 4th hour equally. Histology of foot pad lesions showed that simvastatin alter the rate of polymorphonucler cells. Achieved data showed PMN cells in foot pad of rats dosed simvastatin 5mg/kg, 10 mg/kg decreased significantly (P<0.001). PMN cells in Control group were 35±2.54, Simvatatin 5mg/kg were 16.2± 1.48 and Simvastatin 10 mg/kg were 11±2.23.

Inhibitors of 3_hydroxy_coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase or statins constitute the most powerful class of lipid lowering drugs, widely used in medical practice. During the past several years additional actions of statins unrelated to cholesterol reduction have been identified which includes ANTI-inflammatory properties. In this manuscript we examine ANTI-inflammatory effect of Lovastatin in 1,5 and 10mg/kg doses in carrageenan induced inflammation in rat foot pad and compare its results with Indomethacin results in 2.5mg/kg dose. Results indicates that Lovastatin in 5 and 10mg/kg doses inhibit inflammatory mediators and significantly reduce EDEMA of carrageenan induced inflammation (P<0.001). Also this drug reduce significant neutrophils infiltration in inflammation zone at 4 hour after injection of carrageenan (P<0.001) and its results is comparable with Indomethacin's effect in 2.5mg/kg dose. Also ANTI-inflammatory effects of lovastatin is independent from its cholesterol and triglycerids lowering effect.